Uruhare n'imikorere yubushobozi muri elegitoroniki zigezweho
Ubushobozi ni bushya mu isi ya elegitoroniki, ikora nk'ibigize by'ibanze bikora imirimo myinshi y'imirimo ikomeye. Byaboneka mubikoresho byoroshye byo murugo cyangwa sisitemu igoye inganda, ubushobozi ni ibintu bihuye nibikorwa no gukora neza k'umuzunguruko wa elegitoroniki. Iyi ngingo isize inshingano nyinshi zubushobozi, ishakisha amahame mibo, porogaramu, n'ingaruka kuri electronics zigezweho.
1. Gusobanukirwa shingiro ryumufasha
Kuri shingiro, ubushobozi ni pasiporoIbice bya elegitoronikiAmaduka y'amashanyarazi mu murima w'amashanyarazi. Igizwe nisahani ebyiri zigenda zitandukanijwe nimirire, ikora nka susulator. Iyo voltage igerwaho hirya ku masahani, umurima w'amashanyarazi ukura ku ndyo, bigatera kwegeranya amafaranga meza ku isahani imwe n'ibirego bibi ku rundi. Iyi mbaraga zabitswe zirashobora kurekurwa mugihe bikenewe, ubushobozi bwakazi bifite agaciro muburyo butandukanye.
1.1Ubushobozi n'abagena
Ubushobozi bwakazi bwo kubika ibicuruzwa bipimwa nubushobozi bwayo, byerekanwa muri Farads (F). Ubushobozi bugereranywa mu buryo butaziguye ahantu hasumba ayandi amasahani hamwe nubusabane burigihe bwibikoresho bikoreshwa, kandi ugereranije muburyo butandukanye hagati yisahani. Ubwoko butandukanye bwabahaweho agaciro hamwe nuburyo bwo guhamya butandukanye kugirango buhuze ibyifuzo byihariye, kuva kuri Piofararad (PF) mumitsindiro-ndende kuri Farads muri supercacitection.
2. Imikorere yingenzi yabageneye
Ubushobozi bukora imirimo myinshi mumirongo ya elegitoronike, buriwese agira uruhare mubikorwa rusange no gutuza kuri sisitemu.
2.1Kubika ingufu
Imwe mu nshingano z'ibanze zubushobozi ni ugukanga ingufu. Bitandukanye na bateri kubika ingufu mbi, ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu electrostatique. Ubu bushobozi bwo kubika vuba kandi burekura ingufu bituma ubushobozi bwo kwitabwaho busaba gusohora byihuse, nko mumyanda, defibrillators, na sisitemu ya laser.
Abahanze, ubwoko bwa capainthians-bushobozi, bugaragara cyane kubushobozi bwabo bwo kubika ingufu. Bakira icyuho hagati yubushobozi busanzwe na bateri, batanga imbaraga nyinshi kandi zishyuza amafaranga / gusohoka. Ibi bituma bagira agaciro mubisabwa nka sisitemu yo gukoperatike yo kuvugurura mubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hamwe nibikoresho byububiko.
2.2Kuyungurura
Mu kazu k'ingufu, ubushobozi bugira uruhare rukomeye mu gushungura. Baroroshye guhindagurika bashungura urusaku rudakenewe kandi rukabye ibimenyetso bivuye mubimenyetso bya ac, bemeza ibisohoka bihamye DC. Iyi mikorere ningirakamaro muburyo bwamashanyarazi kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki yoroshye, aho voltage ihamye ari ngombwa kugirango wirinde imikorere mibi cyangwa ibyangiritse.
Ubushobozi bukoreshwa no gufatanya na Indumiction kugirango ikore muyungurura cyangwa kurenga imipaka yihariye. Akayunguruzo ni ngombwa mubisabwa nkibikoresho byo gutunganya amajwi, imirongo ya radiyo (RF), no gutunganya ibimenyetso, aho bifasha mugutandukanya cyangwa gukuraho inshuro zitifuzwa.
2.3Guhuza no gutesha agaciro
Ubushobozi bukoreshwa kenshi muguhuza no gutesha agaciro porogaramu. Muri coupling, ubushobozi bwemerera ibimenyetso bya AC kugirango unyuze mu cyiciro kimwe cyumuzunguruko ujya mubindi mugihe uhagaritse ibigize DC. Ibi ni ngombwa muri sisitemu yo kwamamaza hamwe na sisitemu yitumanaho, aho ari ngombwa kohereza ibimenyetso utahinduye voltage yabo.
Ku rundi ruhande, kurandura ubushobozi bwegereye amapaki y'amashanyarazi (ISS) kugira ngo akomeze voltage ihamye akuramo imitwe ya voltage no gutanga ikigega cyaho. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane mumirongo yihuta ya digitale aho guhindura byihuse bishobora gutera ihindagurika ritunguranye muri voltage, birashoboka ko biganisha kumakosa cyangwa urusaku.
2.4Igihe na OSCALLOLLALL
Canger Amateka nimiti yingenzi mugihe cyo kuzunguruka no kuri oscacallation. Iyo uhujwe n'abavugwa cyangwa amavuriro, ubushobozi bushobora gukora RC (umucuruzi-capator) cyangwa LC (Casductor-Cacitor-Cashitor) Imyenda. Uyu muzunguruko ni ishingiro muburyo bwamasaha, ingengabihe, na osshetosi bakoresha muri byose kuva mumasaha ya digitale kuri radiyo.
Kwishyuza no gusohora ibiranga ubushobozi muri iyi mpeshyi byerekana igihe gito, bigatuma habaho ibyingenzi muri sisitemu ishingiye ku gihe cyo kugenzura, nko muri sisitemu ishingiye kuri microcontroller cyangwa imirongo ya PULSE (PWM).
2.5Guhereza ingufu
Mubyiciro aho kwimura byihuse, ubushobozi buke cyane kubera ubushobozi bwabo bwo gusohora imbaraga zabitswe vuba. Uyu mutungo ukoreshwa mubikoresho nka elecromagnetic generator ya pulse, aho ubushobozi bwakazi bwabitswe mugihe gito, gikomeye. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, muri defibshillators, ubushobozi busohora vuba gutanga amashanyarazi akenewe kumutima wumurwayi.
3. Ubwoko bwa Canges hamwe nibisabwa
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwabahawe, buri kimwe cyateguwe kubisabwa byihariye bishingiye kubiranga ubushobozi bwabo nkubushobozi, urutonde, kwihanganira, no gutuza.
3.1Ubushobozi bwa electrolytic
Ubushobozi bwa electrolyticbazwiho ubushobozi bwimbaraga zabo cyane kandi bikunze gukoreshwa mumirongo yo gutanga imbaraga zo gushungura no kubika ingufu. Nibisobanuro, bivuze ko bafite ubukana bwiza kandi bubi, bugomba kwerekeza mumuzenguruke kugirango birinde kwangirika. Ubushobozi bukunze kuboneka mubisabwa nkimperuka inyom00, aho ubushobozi bunini busabwa kugirango byoroshye gukosora amashanyarazi.
3.2Camic
Imyabakire ya Ceramic ikoreshwa cyane kubera ubunini buke, igiciro gito, hamwe nubushobozi butandukanye. Ntabwo barwaye, kubakora bitandukanye kugirango bakoreshwe muburyo butandukanye bwumuziki. Ubushobozi bwa Ceramic bukoreshwa kenshi mu bikorwa byinshi-inshuro nyinshi, nk'uruziga rwa RF no gutaka mu muzunguruko wa digital, aho induccaricance zabo nkeya kandi ihungabanye cyane.
3.3Ubushobozi bwa film
Cacut Filime zizwiho gushikama kwabo, inductance nkeya, hamwe nubushake buke. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubisabwa kandi byizewe, nko mumirongo yamajwi, ingufu za electoronics, no kuyungurura porogaramu. Caffiturers ya firime iza muburyo butandukanye, harimo polyester, Polypropylene, na Polystyrene, buri gutanga ibiranga ibintu bitandukanye.
3.4Supercapaciters
Abahanze amaso, bazwi kandi nka ultracapaciteteri, tanga imbaraga zidasanzwe ugereranije nundi bwoko. Zikoreshwa mububiko bwingufu aho bishyuye byihuse no gusohoka byihuse, nko muburyo bwa feri ya rohokime, ibikoresho byubucuruzi, hamwe nibikoresho byo kwibuka, hamwe no kwizihiza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Mugihe badabika imbaraga nka bateri, ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutanga ibirunga byihuse bituma bitabwa mubikorwa muburyo bwihariye.
3.5Ubufasha bwa tantalum
Ifashanyo za Tantalum zizwiho ubushobozi bwabo bwo hejuru kuri fagitire, bikaba byiza kubikoresho bya elegictronic. Bakoreshwa kenshi muri terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, nandi mashanyarazi yinjiza aho umwanya ari muto. Ifashanyo za Tantalum zitanga umutekano kandi wizewe, ariko nanone zirahenze kuruta ubundi bwoko.
4. Cangers mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho
Mugihe tekinoroji yiterambere, ubushobozi bukomeje kugira uruhare runini mugutezimbere no guhitamo sisitemu ya elegitoroniki.
4.1Ubushobozi muri elegitoroniki yimodoka
Mu nganda zimodoka, ubushobozi bukoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye bya elegitoronike (ecus), sensor, na sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu. Iyongera ry'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, harimo kuzamuka kw'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (evs) hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryo gutwara ibinyabiziga ryigenga, ryatumye ubushobozi bwo kwitabwaho bwo hejuru. Kurugero, ubushobozi bwibyanganiye hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga amabuye igomba gukora voltage ndende nubushyuhe, bisaba kongerera hamwe nubuzima burebure.
4.2Ubushobozi muri sisitemu yo kuvugurura
Ubushobozi kandi ni ngombwa muri sisitemu y'ingufu zishobora kongerwa, nk'izuba ryizuba hamwe na turbine ya turbine. Muri iyi sisitemu, ubushobozi bufasha koroshya voltage no kuyungurura urusaku, kubungabunga ingufu no gukwirakwiza ingufu. Budasanzwe, byumwihariko, bitondera ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubika no kurekura vuba imbaraga, bigatuma babashimira ko bahagaze neza kandi babika ingufu muri porogaramu zikoreshwa mu mbaraga.
4.3Canger mu itumanaho
Mu nganda zitumanaho, ubushobozi bukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu, uhereye ku gushungura no guhuza imirongo yo gutunganya ibimenyetso byo kubika ingufu mu kubika ingufu mu bijyanye n'amashanyarazi. Nkuko imiyoboro ya 5G yagura, icyifuzo cya cageniters gifite ubukungu bwisumbuye kandi igihombo gito cyiyongera, gutwara udushya muri tekinoroji kugirango duhuze ibisabwa.
4.4Canger Amateka mu mashanyarazi ya eleginer
Amashanyarazi y'abaguzi, harimo na terefone, ibinini, n'ibikoresho byambaye ubusa, wishingikirije ku bushobozi bwo gucunga amashanyarazi, gutunganya ibimenyetso, no gutunganya ibimenyetso, hamwe na miniturusation. Nibikoresho bihinduka byinshi kandi bifite imbaraga, gukenera ubushobozi hamwe nubushobozi bwinshi, ubunini buto, hamwe nubunini buke, hamwe nububiko buke burakomeye. Tantalum na Cantramic bakunze gukoreshwa muriyi porogaramu kubera ubunini bwayo no gutuza.
5. INGORANE N'UBUTWARA MU BIKORWA
Mugihe ubushobozi bwabaye intambara muri electronics mumyaka mirongo, iterambere ningorane bikomeje gushyiraho iterambere ryabo.
5.1Miniaturisation hamwe nubushobozi bwinshi
Icyifuzo cyibikoresho bito, bikomeye cyane byatumye habaho guhagarika miniaturosiyalisation muri tekinoroji. Abakora barimo gutegura ubushobozi hamwe nubushobozi bwo kubunga indangagaciro mubipaki nto, bikaba ngombwa cyane kubisabwa muri terefone zikamba no kwambara. Udushya mubikoresho no gutunganya ni urufunguzo rwo kugera kuri izi ntego.
5.2Ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushobozi buke-voltage
Nkuko ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bikorera mubidukikije, nko mu bidukikije cyangwa mu kirere, hakenewe ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe n'ibipfumu byo hejuru birakura. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku guteza ubushobozi ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere ubushyuhe bworoshye hamwe n'imbaraga zubuzima kugirango twubahirije ibi bisabwa.
5.3Ibidukikije
Impungenge y'ibidukikije nazo zitwara udushya mu bushobozi bwo guhaha. Gukoresha ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga, nko kuyobora no mu bigo bimwe na bimwe by'imirire, bigomba kuba byigifuzwa mu buryo bunyuranye n'ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, gutunganya no kujugunya hamwe
Ators, cyane cyane ibirimo ibikoresho bidasanzwe cyangwa uburozi, bigenda byiyongera nkimyanda ya elegitoroniki iriyongera.
5.4Canger mu ikoranabuhanga rigaragara
Ikoranabuhanga rigaragara, nka sisitemu yo kubara kangana na sisitemu ya ai yateye imbere, kwerekana ibibazo bishya n'amahirwe yo guteza imbere igihugu. Izi koranabuhanga zisaba ibice neza neza, urusaku ruto, kandi ruhamye, rusunika imipaka yabakozi bashobora kubigeraho. Abashakashatsi barimo gushakisha ibikoresho n'ibishushanyo byo kurema Cacutes bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa muri iyo mitwe.
6. Umwanzuro
Ubushobozi ni ibice byingenzi byingenzi mwisi ya elegitoroniki, ikora imirimo myinshi yo kubika ingufu no kuyungurura kugabana, gutesha agaciro, no kubihe. Guhinduranya no kwiringirwa kwabo gutuma imfuruka yikoranabuhanga rigezweho, gushyigikira iterambere ryibintu bya elegitori ya elegitori muri sisitemu yimodoka hamwe ningufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje guhinduka, niko uruhare rwubushobozi, gutwara udushya tuzahindura ejo hazaza h'amashanyarazi.
Byaba byemeza imikorere ya terefone igendanwa, bigafasha feri ya serwake mumodoka yamashanyarazi, cyangwa guhungabanya voltage mu ntoki, ubushobozi bufite uruhare rukomeye muburyo bwa elegitoroniki. Iyo turebye ejo hazaza, iterambere rikomeje no gutunganya ikoranabuhanga rya capactration bizaba ngombwa mu guhura n'ibibazo n'amahirwe biterwa n'ikoranabuhanga rigaragara n'ibidukikije.
Igihe cya nyuma: Aug-13-2024