Icyuho cy’ingufu z’igihe gito ku rwego rwa millisecond muri BBUs za seriveri ya AI: Kuki "hybrid supercapacitor (LIC) + BBU" ikwiriye kurushaho?

Raki za seriveri za AI zigira ubwiyongere bw'ingufu mu rwego rwa milisegonda (ubusanzwe 1–50 ms) n'igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi ya DC bus mu gihe cyo guhinduranya vuba hagati y'imyitozo n'imitwaro y'isuzuma. NVIDIA, mu gishushanyo cyayo cya GB300 NVL72 power rack, ivuga ko power rack yayo ihuza ibice byo kubika ingufu kandi igakorana n'icyuma gigenzura kugira ngo igere ku rwego rwa rack yoroshya amashanyarazi mu buryo bwihuse (reba reference [1]).

Mu buhanga, gukoresha "hybrid supercapacitor (LIC) + BBU (Battery Backup Unit)" kugira ngo hakorwe urwego rw'ubufasha ruri hafi bishobora gukuramo "igisubizo cy'igihe gito" na "imbaraga z'igihe gito zo gusimbuza": LIC ishinzwe kwishyura ku rwego rwa milisegonda, naho BBU ishinzwe gufata ku rwego rwa kabiri kugeza ku munota. Iyi nkuru itanga uburyo bwo guhitamo bushobora gusubirwamo ku bahanga, urutonde rw'ibipimo by'ingenzi, n'ibintu byo kugenzura. Dufashe YMIN SLF 4.0V 4500F (ESR y'igice kimwe≤0.8mΩ, umuvuduko uhoraho wo gusohora 200A, ibipimo bigomba kwerekeza ku rupapuro rubisobanura [3]) nk'urugero, itanga ibitekerezo byo gushyiraho no gushyigikira amakuru agereranywa.

Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya BBU biri kugenda bijyana "gutunganya ingufu z'igihe gito" hafi y'umutwaro.

Uko ingufu zikoreshwa mu irangi rimwe zigera ku rugero rwa kilowati amagana, akazi k’ubuhanga mu by’ubwenge (AI) gashobora gutera kwiyongera kw’amashanyarazi mu gihe gito. Iyo amashanyarazi ya bisi arenze urugero rw’umubare wa sisitemu, bishobora gutera uburinzi bwa motherboard, amakosa ya GPU, cyangwa kongera gutangira. Kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka zikomeye ku ngufu zitangwa n’amashanyarazi yo hejuru no ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi, hari abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi barimo gushyiraho ingamba zo gucunga ingufu no kuzigenzura mu irangi ry’amashanyarazi, bigatuma ingufu ziyongera "zigashyirwa mu mwanya wazo" mu irangi. Ubutumwa bw’ingenzi bw’iyi miterere ni ubu: ibibazo by’igihe gito bigomba kubanza gukemurwa ahantu hegereye umutwaro.

Muri seriveri zifite GPU zifite ingufu nyinshi cyane (kilowatt-level) nka NVIDIA GB200/GB300, ikibazo nyamukuru cy’ingufu za sisteme z’amashanyarazi cyahindutse kuva ku ngufu zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu gushakisha ingufu zidasanzwe zijya mu gushakisha ingufu z’igihe gito ku rwego rwa milisegonda na amagana ya kilowatt. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushakisha ingufu za BBU, bushingiye kuri bateri za aside ya lead, bugira ibibazo mu muvuduko wo gusubiza no kuba ingufu nyinshi bitewe no gutinda kwa shimi, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingufu nyinshi, n’ubushobozi buke bwo kwakira charge. Izi mbogamizi zabaye ibintu by’ingenzi bibangamira kunoza ingufu za mudasobwa imwe n’ubwirinzi bwa sisitemu.

Imbonerahamwe ya 1: Imbonerahamwe y'aho uburyo bwo kubika ingufu z'ubwoko butatu buherereye muri rack BBU (imbonerahamwe y'imbonerahamwe)

Iterambere ry'Ubwubatsi

Kuva kuri "Battery Backup" kugeza kuri "Three-Tier Hybrid Energy Storage Mode"

BBU zisanzwe zishingira cyane cyane kuri bateri mu kubika ingufu. Zihanganye n'ibura ry'ingufu zo ku rwego rwa milisegonda, bateri, zigamiwe n'uburyo bwo gukora chemical reaction hamwe n'ubudahangarwa bw'imbere, akenshi zisubiza vuba cyane ugereranyije n'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bushingiye kuri capacitor. Kubwibyo, ibisubizo byo ku ruhande rwa rack byatangiye gukoresha ingamba z'icyiciro: “LIC (igihe gito) + BBU (igihe gito) + UPS/HVDC (igihe kirekire)”:

LIC ihujwe ku ruhande hafi ya DC Bus: ikora uburyo bwo kwishyura ingufu zo ku rwego rwa milisegonda no gushyigikira voltage (gutanga no gusohora umuriro ku giciro cyo hejuru).

BBU (bateri cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kubika ingufu): ikoresha uburyo bwo gufata ingufu kuva ku munota wa kabiri kugeza ku wa kane (sisitemu yagenewe igihe cyo kubika amakuru).

UPS/HVDC yo ku rwego rw'amakuru: ikora ku buryo buhoraho amashanyarazi adahagarara ndetse n'uburyo bwo kugenzura umuhanda ugana ku mpande z'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.

Iri gabanywa ry'abakozi rigabanya "impinduka zihuse" n' "impinduka zigenda buhoro": gutuza bisi mu gihe bigabanya stress y'igihe kirekire n'umuvuduko wo kubungabunga ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu.

Isesengura ryimbitse: Impamvu YMINHybrid Supercapacitors?

Imashini ya ymin yitwa Lithium-ion supercapacitor LIC (Lithium-ion Capacitor) ihuza mu buryo bw'imiterere imiterere y'imbaraga nyinshi za capacitors n'ubucucike bwinshi bw'ingufu za sisitemu ya electrochemical. Mu bihe by'ingufu z'igihe gito, ingingo y'ingenzi yo kwihanganira umutwaro ni: gusohora ingufu zikenewe muri Δt, no gutanga umuvuduko uhagije w'amashanyarazi mu rwego rwemewe rw'izamuka ry'ubushyuhe n'igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi.

Ingufu nyinshi zisohoka: Iyo umutwaro wa GPU uhindutse mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa amashanyarazi agahinduka, bateri zisanzwe zikoresha aside ya lead, bitewe n'umuvuduko wazo wo gukora ibintu mu buryo bwa "chemical reaction" ugenda buhoro ndetse n'ubudahangarwa bwazo bwo hejuru imbere, zihura n'ingaruka mbi zihuse ku bushobozi bwazo bwo kwakira charge, bigatuma zidakora neza mu masegonda make. Supercapacitor ya hybrid ishobora kurangiza kwishyura ako kanya mu gihe kiri hagati ya 1-50ms, hagakurikiraho ingufu zo gusubirishamo amashanyarazi zo mu rwego rwa minota ziva kuri BBU backup power supply, zigatuma voltage ya bisi ihoraho kandi zikagabanya cyane ibyago byo kugongana kwa motherboard na GPU.

Gutunganya Ingano n'Uburemere: Mu kugereranya "ingufu zingana ziboneka (zigenwa n'idirishya rya V_hi→V_lo voltage) + idirishya ry'igihe gito ringana (Δt)," igisubizo cya LIC buffer layer gikunze kugabanya ingano n'uburemere cyane ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kubika bateri (kugabanya ingano ya 50%–70%, kugabanya uburemere bwa 50%–60%, agaciro gasanzwe ntikaboneka ku mugaragaro kandi bisaba kugenzura umushinga), bigatuma umwanya wo gushyiramo umwuka n'ibikoresho byo guhumeka bigabanuka. (Ijanisha runaka riterwa n'ibipimo, ibice by'imiterere, n'ibisubizo byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe by'ikintu cyo kugereranya; kugenzura umushinga byihariye ni ngombwa.)

Kunoza Umuvuduko wo Gusharija: LIC ifite ubushobozi bwo gusharija no gusohora umuriro ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi umuvuduko wayo wo kongera gusharija usanzwe uri hejuru ugereranije n'uwa bateri (umuvuduko urenze inshuro 5, ugatangira gusharija vuba mu minota icumi; isoko: supercapacitor ya hybrid ugereranyije n'agaciro gasanzwe ka bateri ya aside y'icyitegererezo). Igihe cyo kongera gusharija gigenwa n'ingano y'imbaraga za sisitemu, ingamba zo gusharija, n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe. Ni byiza gukoresha "igihe gisabwa kugira ngo wongere gusharija kugeza kuri V_hi" nk'igipimo cyo kwemerwa, hamwe n'isuzuma ry'izamuka ry'ubushyuhe bw'impyiko risubirwamo.

Igihe kirekire cyo gukora: LIC isanzwe igira igihe kirekire cyo gukora kandi ikaba isaba kubungabungwa hasi mu gihe ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi zo gushyushya no gusohora umuriro (inshuro miliyoni 1, imyaka irenga 6 yo kubaho, inshuro zigera kuri 200 ugereranyije na bateri zisanzwe za aside ya lead; isoko: Hybrid supercapacitors ugereranije na bateri zisanzwe za aside ya lead). Igihe cyo gukora no kuzamuka k'ubushyuhe bigengwa n'ibipimo byihariye n'imiterere y'ibizamini. Ukurikije uko bigenda mu gihe cyose, ibi bifasha kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora no kubungabunga no gutakaza ubushobozi.

Ishusho ya 2: Gahunda yo kubika ingufu zivanze:

Bateri ya Lithium-ion (urwego rw'umunota wa kabiri) + Lithium-ion Capacitor LIC (buffer yo ku rwego rwa milisegonda)

Hashingiwe ku gishushanyo mbonera cya NVIDIA GB300 cya Musashi CCP3300SC (3.8V 3000F), gifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru, ingufu nyinshi, n'ubushobozi bwinshi mu bipimo byacyo biboneka ku mugaragaro: ingufu zikoreshwa za 4.0V n'ubushobozi bwa 4500F, bigatuma habaho ububiko bw'ingufu bwa selile imwe n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kubika ingufu mu bunini bumwe bwa module, bigatuma habaho igisubizo kidahinduka ku rwego rwa milisegonda imwe.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya YMIN SLF series hybrid supercapacitors:

Voltage ifite amanota: 4.0V; Ubushobozi bw'ingufu: 4500F

Ubudahangarwa bw'imbere bwa DC/ESR: ≤0.8mΩ

Umuvuduko wo gusohora uhoraho: 200A

Ingano y'ingufu zikoreshwa: 4.0–2.5V

Ikoresheje igisubizo cya BBU cyo mu gace ka YMIN gishingiye kuri supercapacitor, gishobora gutanga indishyi y’amashanyarazi menshi kuri bisi ya DC iri mu idirishya rya milisegonda, bikanoza ubudahangarwa bw’amashanyarazi ya bisi. Ugereranyije n’ibindi bisubizo bifite ingufu zimwe na zimwe ziboneka n’idirishya risanzwe, urwego rwa buffer rukunze kugabanya umwanya wo kwinjira mu mwanya no kubohora umutungo wa rack. Nanone ikwiriye cyane mu gusharija no gusohora amashanyarazi inshuro nyinshi no gusubiza vuba, bikagabanya umuvuduko wo kubungabunga. Imikorere yihariye igomba kwemezwa hashingiwe ku bipimo by’umushinga.

Inzira yo Guhitamo: Guhuza neza n'imiterere

Mu guhangana n'ibibazo bikomeye by'ingufu za mudasobwa za AI, guhanga udushya mu buryo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi ni ingenzi cyane.YMIN's SLF 4.0V 4500F hybrid supercapacitor, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryayo rikomeye, itanga igisubizo cya BBU buffer layer gikorerwa mu gihugu kandi cyizewe cyane, gitanga inkunga y'ibanze ku iterambere rihamye, rinoze kandi rikomeye ry'ibigo by'amakuru bya AI.

Niba ukeneye amakuru arambuye ya tekiniki, dushobora gutanga: impapuro z'amakuru, amakuru y'ibizamini, imbonerahamwe zo guhitamo porogaramu, ingero, nibindi. Nyamuneka tanga kandi amakuru y'ingenzi nka: voltage ya bisi, ΔP/Δt, ingano y'umwanya, ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, n'ibipimo by'ubuzima kugira ngo tubashe gutanga inama zihuse zo gushyiraho.

Igice cy'Ibibazo n'Ibisubizo

Q: Umutwaro wa GPU wa seriveri ya AI ushobora kwiyongeraho 150% mu masegonda make, kandi bateri zisanzwe za aside y'icyitegererezo ntizishobora kugumana nabyo. Igihe cyihariye cyo gusubiza cya YMIN lithium-ion supercapacitors ni ikihe, kandi ni gute wabigeraho vuba?

A: YMIN hybrid supercapacitors (SLF 4.0V 4500F) zishingikiriza ku mahame yo kubika ingufu kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda imbere mu buryo buciriritse (≤0.8mΩ), bigatuma habaho gusohora ingufu mu buryo bwihuse mu gice cya milisegonda 1-50. Iyo impinduka itunguranye mu mutwaro wa GPU itera igabanuka rikomeye rya voltage ya DC bus, ishobora kurekura umuriro munini nta gutinda, ikariha ingufu za bisi mu buryo butaziguye, bityo igaha igihe umuriro wa BBU wo mu gice cya nyuma ubyuka ukawufata, bigatuma voltage igenda neza kandi ikirinda amakosa yo kubara cyangwa impanuka z'ibikoresho biterwa no kugabanuka kwa voltage.

Incamake iri ku musozo w'iyi nkuru

Ibintu Bishoboka: Bikwiriye kuri BBU zo mu rwego rwa AI server rack-level (Backup Power Units) mu bihe aho DC bisi ihura n'igabanuka ry'ingufu z'igihe gito/voltage ku rwego rwa milisegonda; bikoreshwa ku buryo bwa "hybrid supercapacitor + BBU" bwo mu gace k'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bisi ikomeze guhagarara no kwishyura by'igihe gito mu gihe cy'ibura ry'ingufu z'igihe gito, ihindagurika ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, n'impinduka zitunguranye z'umutwaro wa GPU.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi: Uburyo bwo kwihuta bwo gusubiza ku rwego rwa millisecond (bwishyura amadirishya ya 1-50ms y'igihe gito); ubushobozi buke bwo kwirinda imbere/ubushobozi bwo gukoresha umuriro mwinshi, kunoza amashanyarazi ya bisi no kugabanya ibyago byo kongera gutangira gushya bitunguranye; ifasha mu gusharija no gusohora umuriro ku giciro cyo hejuru no kongera gusharija vuba, ikagabanya igihe cyo kugarura umuriro; ikwiriye cyane mu gusharija no gusohora umuriro ku giciro cyo hejuru ugereranije n'uburyo bwa bateri busanzwe, bifasha kugabanya umuvuduko wo kubungabunga n'ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose.

Icyitegererezo cyatanzwe: YMIN Square Hybrid Supercapacitor SLF 4.0V 4500F

Amakuru (Ibisobanuro/Raporo z'Ibizamini/Ingero) Kubona:

Urubuga rwemewe: www.ymin.com
Telefoni y'ikoranabuhanga: 021-33617848

Ibisobanuro (Amasoko rusange)

[1] NVIDIA yemewe na Blog y'amakuru rusange/tekiniki: Intangiriro kuri GB300 NVL72 (Power Shelf) Rack-Level Transient Smoothing/Energy Storage

[2] Raporo za rubanda ziturutse mu itangazamakuru/ibigo nka TrendForce: GB200/GB300 Serivisi zijyanye na LIC n'amakuru yerekeye uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa

[3] Shanghai YMIN Electronics itanga “Ibisobanuro bya SLF 4.0V 4500F Hybrid Supercapacitor”