Ingufu zibikwa muri capacitor ziri mu buryo bw'ingufu z'amashanyarazi.

Kubika ingufu muri capacitors: isesengura ry'umutwara n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi
Nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kubika ingufu mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi, capacitors zibika ingufu mu buryo bw'ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Iyo plaque ebyiri za capacitor zihujwe n'isoko y'amashanyarazi, charges nziza na negative ziteranira kuri plaque ebyiri munsi y'ibikorwa by'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, bigashyiraho itandukaniro rishoboka kandi bigashyiraho power field ihamye muri dielectric hagati ya plaque. Iyi nzira ikurikiza itegeko ryo kubungabunga ingufu. Gukusanya charge bisaba akazi kugira ngo utsinde power field y'amashanyarazi, kandi amaherezo ubike ingufu mu buryo bw'ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu bwa capacitor bushobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe formula E=21​CV2, aho C ari capacitance na V ari voltage iri hagati ya plaque.

Imiterere y'ingufu z'amashanyarazi

Bitandukanye na bateri zisanzwe zishingiye ku ngufu za shimi, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za capacitors bushingiye ku mikorere y'amashanyarazi asanzwe. Urugero, electrolyticcapacitorsIbika ingufu binyuze mu ngaruka za polarization ya oxide film hagati y’amasahani na electrolyte, ibi bikaba bikwiriye mu bihe bisaba charge no gusohora vuba, nko kuyungurura ingufu. Supercapacitors (nk'ama-capacitor afite ibyiciro bibiri) bikora imiterere ifite ibyiciro bibiri binyuze mu guhuza electrode ya karuboni na electrolyte, binongera cyane ubwinshi bw'ingufu. Amahame yayo agabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri:

Ububiko bw'ingufu bubiri: Ingufu zishyirwa ku buso bwa electrode hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi adahindagurika, nta ngaruka za shimi, kandi zifite umuvuduko wo gusharija no gusohora amashanyarazi wihuta cyane.

Faraday pseudocapacitor: Ikoresha uburyo bwo gukora redox bwihuse bw'ibikoresho nka ruthenium oxide mu kubika charges, hamwe n'ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi n'ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi.

Ubudasa bw'ingufu zirekurwa n'ikoreshwa ryazo
Iyo capacitor irekuye ingufu, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zishobora guhindurwa vuba mu ngufu z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo zishyigikire ibisabwa mu gusubiza inshuro nyinshi. Urugero, muri inverters z'izuba, capacitors zigabanya ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi kandi zikongera imikorere myiza yo guhindura ingufu binyuze mu kuyungurura no gutandukanya; muri sisitemu z'amashanyarazi,capacitorskunoza uburyo grid ihagaze neza binyuze mu kwishyura ingufu zikoreshwa. Supercapacitors zikoreshwa mu kongera ingufu ako kanya no guhindura frequency y'urukuta rw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo gusubiza mu buryo bwa milisegonda.

Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
Hamwe n'iterambere mu bumenyi bw'ibikoresho (nk'amashanyarazi ya graphene), ubucucike bw'ingufu za capacitors bukomeje kwiyongera, kandi uburyo zikoreshwa buri kwiyongera kuva ku bikoresho bisanzwe by'ikoranabuhanga kugeza ku bikoresho bigezweho nko kubika ingufu nshya n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Gukoresha neza ingufu z'amashanyarazi ntibyateje imbere iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga gusa, ahubwo byanabaye igice cy'ingenzi mu guhindura ingufu.