Capacitor ni igice cy’ikoranabuhanga gikoreshwa mu kubika ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Kigizwe n’amasahani abiri ayobora amashanyarazi atandukanyijwe n’ibikoresho bikingira byitwa **dielectric**. Iyo voltage ishyizwe kuri capacitor, amashanyarazi akorwa hagati y’amasahani, bigatuma capacitor ibasha kubika ingufu.
Uburyo Capacitor Ikora
1. Gushyushya:
Iyo voltage ikoreshejwe ku miyoboro ya capacitor, charge irarundana ku mapine. Plaque imwe ikusanya charge nziza, mu gihe indi ikusanya charge mbi. Ibikoresho bya dielectric biri hagati y'amapane bibuza charge gutembera mu buryo butaziguye, bikabika ingufu mu murima w'amashanyarazi wakozwe. charge irakomeza kugeza igihe voltage iri kuri capacitor ingana na voltage ikoreshwa.
2. Gusohora:
Iyo capacitor ihujwe na circuit, charge yabitswe isubira muri circuit, bigatuma habaho amashanyarazi. Ibi birekura ingufu zabitswe ku mutwaro wa circuit kugeza igihe charge irangiye.
Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga capacitors
- Ubushobozi:
Ubushobozi bwa capacitor bwo kubika umuriro bwitwa capacitance, bupimirwa muri farads (F). Capacitance nini bivuzecapacitorishobora kubika umuriro mwinshi. Ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi buterwa n'ubuso bw'ibipande, intera iri hagati yabyo, n'imiterere y'ibikoresho bya dielectric.
- Kubika ingufu:
Utwuma dupima umuriro dukora nk'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi by'agateganyo, kimwe na bateri ariko byagenewe gukoreshwa mu gihe gito. Bikemura ihindagurika ryihuse ry'amashanyarazi kandi bigatuma imikorere y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ihora ihindagurika, bigatuma imikorere y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ihora ihagaze neza.
- Ubudahangarwa bw'umuvuduko w'amazi n'ubudahangarwa bw'uruhererekane (ESR):
Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gusohora umuriro zigabanuka mu gihe cyo gushyushya no gusohora umuriro. Umuriro usohoka usobanura gutakaza umuriro buhoro buhoro binyuze mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi nubwo nta mutwaro urimo. ESR ni ukudakomera imbere guterwa n'ibikoresho biri muri capacitor, bigahindura imikorere yabyo.
Imikoreshereze Ifatika ya Capacitors
- Gushungura:
Mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi, capacitors zikora nk'urufunguzo kugira ngo zigabanye ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi no gukuraho urusaku rudakenewe, bigatuma ingufu zisohoka neza.
- Guhuza no gukuramo uduce duto:
Mu kohereza ibimenyetso, capacitors zikoreshwa mu kohereza ibimenyetso bya AC mu gihe zifungaIbice bya DC, bibuza impinduka za DC kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'uruziga.
- Kubika ingufu:
Capacitors zibika kandi zigasohora ingufu vuba, bigatuma zigira akamaro mu bikorwa nka kamera, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, n'ibindi bikoresho bisaba umuvuduko muto w'amashanyarazi menshi.
Incamake
Capacitors zigira uruhare runini mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu kubika no kurekura ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Zifasha mu kugenzura ingufu z'amashanyarazi, kubika ingufu, no gucunga ibimenyetso. Guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye n'imiterere ya capacitor ni ingenzi mu kwemeza imikorere n'ubwizerwe by'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 11 Nzeri 2024