Gusobanukirwa uburyo ubushobozi bukora: kwibira byimbitse mubikorwa, porogaramu, n'ingaruka

Ubushobozi ni bwiza mu isi ya elegitoroniki, shingiro mu bikorwa by'ibikoresho bitabarika na sisitemu. Bari byoroshye mumigambi yabo ariko bihuza bidasanzwe mubisabwa. Kugira ngo ushimire uruhare rw'akazi mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ni ngombwa gucengera mu miterere yabo, amahame ashingiye, imyitwarire mu muzunguruko, n'ubugari bwabo. Ubu bushakashatsi bwuzuye buzatanga gusobanukirwa neza uko ubushobozi bukora, tujye mu ngaruka zabo ku ikoranabuhanga no ku bushobozi bwabo buzaza.

Imiterere y'ibanze ya capator

Kubwitonzi bwayo, ubushobozi bugizwe nisahani ebyiri zigenda zitandukanijwe nibikoresho bibuza nkaimirire. Iyi miterere yibanze irashobora kugerwaho muburyo butandukanye, uhereye kuri farale yoroshye-plate ya farashi-plate kubishushanyo byinshi bigoye nka silindrike. Ibisahani biyobora mubisanzwe bikozwe mubyuma, nka aluminium cyangwa tantalum, mugihe ibikoresho byubuhungiro bishobora kuva muri ceramic kuri firime za polymer, bitewe na porogaramu yihariye.

Ibyapa bifitanye isano numuzunguruko wo hanze, mubisanzwe binyuze muri terminal yemerera gusaba voltage. Iyo voltage igerwaho hirya ku masahani, umurima w'amashanyarazi wakozwe mu ndyo, biganisha ku kwegeranya ibirego ku masahani - byiza ku isahani imwe n'ibibi ku rundi ruhande. Iki kirego Gutandukana nuburyo bwibanzeCangerkubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi.

Fiziki inyuma yo kubika

Inzira yo kubika ingufu muri capuple igengwa namahame ya electrostatics. Iyo voltage

V ikoreshwa mu masahani ya capactor, umurima w'amashanyarazi

E itera ibintu imirire. Uyu murima ugira imbaraga kuri electron yubusa muri plaque iyobora, bigatuma bagenda. Electron yegeranya ku isahani imwe, ishyiraho amafaranga mabi, mugihe ikindi kibanza gitakaza electron, ziregwa neza.

Ibikoresho by'imirire bigira uruhare runini mu kongera ubushobozi bwo guhanagura ubushobozi bwo kubika amafaranga. Irakora cyane kugabanya umurima w'amashanyarazi hagati yisahani umubare wabitswe amafaranga yabitswe, yongera ubushobozi bwimikoreshereze yigikoresho. Ubushobozi

C isobanurwa nkibipimo byishyurwa

Q yabitswe ku masahani kuri voltage

V ikoreshwa:

Ubu buringaniye bwerekana ko ubushobozi bugereranywa butaziguye kubikwa kubitswe kuri voltage yatanzwe. Ishami ry'ubushobozi ni FARAD (F), ryitiriwe Michael Faraday, umupayiniya mu kwiga amagorofa.

Ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kubushobozi bwa capaomi:

1. Ubuso bw'isahani: Ibyapa binini birashobora kubika byinshi, biganisha ku bushobozi bwo hejuru.
2. Intera hagati yisahani: Intera nto yongera imbaraga zumurima wamashanyarazi kandi, bityo, ubushobozi.
3. Ibikoresho bifatika: Ubwoko bwubucuti bugira ingaruka kubushobozi bwa capabotor bwo kubika amafaranga. Ibikoresho hamwe nubuvuzi buhanitse (uruhushya) byongera ubushobozi.

Muburyo bufatika, ubushobozi busanzwe bufite ubushobozi buturuka kuri Pioffarads (PF) kuri Farads (F), bitewe nubunini, igishushanyo mbonera, hamwe no gukoresha.

Kubika ingufu no kurekura

Ingufu zabitswe muri caputor nigikorwa cyubushobozi bwayo na kare ya voltage hakurya ya plaque. Ingufu

E yabitswe arashobora kugaragazwa nka:

Iki kigereranyo kigaragaza ko imbaraga zabitswe muri capuline ziyongera hamwe nubushobozi ndetse na voltage. Icy'ingenzi, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu mu bushobozi butandukanye n'iya bateri. Mugihe batteri zibika ingufu mvuwe no kurekura buhoro, ubushobozi bubika ingufu electrostatique kandi irashobora kurekura hafi. Itandukaniro rituma ubushobozi bwiza bwo gusaba bisaba imbaraga zihuse.

Iyo umuzunguruko wo hanze wemerera, ubushobozi bushobora kurangiza imbaraga zabitswe, kurekura amafaranga yegeranye. Iyi gahunda yo gusohora irashobora gukomera ibice bitandukanye mumuzunguruko, bitewe nubushobozi bwacu hamwe nibisabwa n'umuzenguruko.

Caecurs muri AC na DC imizunguruko

Imyitwarire yubushobozi buratandukanye cyane hagati ya none (DC) hamwe no guhinduranya imizunguruko (ac), kubakora ibice bitandukanye muburyo bwa elegitoroniki.

1. Canger mumirongo ya DC: Mukarere ka DC, mugihe ubushobozi buhujwe ninkomoko ya voltage, ibanza yemerera ikibutero kugirango ikoreshwe. Nkumukozi, voltage hakurya yisahani yayo yiyongera, kurwanya voltage ikoreshwa. Amaherezo, voltage hakurya ya capator ihwanye na voltage yakoreshejwe, kandi ubujyambuwe bwahagaritswe, aho ubushobozi bwishyuwe byuzuye. Kuri iki cyiciro, ubushobozi bukora nkumuzunguruko ufunguye, guhagarika neza ikindi kintu cyose.Uyu mutungo ukoreshwa mubisabwa nko koroshya ihindagurika mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi, aho ubushobozi bushobora kuyungurura imiyoboro muri voltage ya DC, itanga umusaruro uhoraho.
2. Cangermion mumashami ac: Mukarere ka AC, voltage yakoreshejwe kumugereka ukomeza guhindura icyerekezo. Iyi mpinduka voltage itera ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza no gusohoka hamwe na buri cyiciro cyibimenyetso bya ac. Kubera iyi myitwarire, ubushobozi bwo kuba umugenzuzi w'akagarimerera ac kunyura mugihe uhagaritseDC ibice.Impeta
   $ZZ$

    

   Z ya capactor mumirongo ya ac itangwa na:

    

   $Z\; =\; 12\pi fcz\; =\; \backslash \; frac\; \{1\}\; \{2\; \backslash \; pi\; pc\}$

    
   

AhoF ni inshuro ya ac ibimenyetso. Ikigereranyo cyerekana ko imbaraga za Caungator zigabanuka ziyongeraho inshuro, ubushobozi bwa Cauctioms mugushungura porogaramu-zirashobora guhagarika ibimenyetso bike (nka DC) mugihe cyo kwemerera ibimenyetso-byinshi (nka ac) kunyuramo.

Gusaba ubufasha bufatika

Ubushobozi buhuye nibisabwa byinshi muburyo butandukanye bwikoranabuhanga. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubika no kurekura ingufu, kuyungurura ibimenyetso, kandi bigira ingaruka kumigezi yimizunguruko bituma bitabagira uruhare mubikoresho byinshi bya elegitoroniki.

1. Sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi: Mu kazu kavukire amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bukoreshwa muguhindura ihindagurika muri voltage, atanga umusaruro uhamye. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane mubikoresho bisaba amashanyarazi ahoraho, nka mudasobwa na terefone. Ubushobozi muri sisitemu ya sisitemu nkuko ayungurura, gukuramo imitwe n'ibikoresho muri voltage no kwemeza ko amashanyarazi ashikamye.Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bukoreshwa mu mashanyarazi adasanzwe (UPS) gutanga imbaraga mu gihe gito. Iziba nini, zizwi nka supercaciters, zifite akamaro cyane muriyi porogaramu kubera ubushobozi bwabo bukabije nubushobozi bwo gusohora vuba.
2. Gutunganya ibimenyetso: Mu muzunguruko wa Analog, ubushobozi bugira uruhare rukomeye mugutunganya ibimenyetso. Bakoreshwa muyungurura kugirango batsinde cyangwa bahagarike inshuro zihariye, zerekana ibimenyetso kugirango zitunganizwe. Kurugero, mubikoresho byamajwi, ubushobozi bugufasha kuyungurura urusaku rudakenewe, kureba ko imiyoboro yifuzwa gusa yongerewe kandi itangwa.Ubushobozi bukoreshwa no muri compations no gutesha agaciro porogaramu. Muri coupling, ubushobozi butuma ibimenyetso bya ac kugirango bive kumurongo umwe wumuzunguruko ujya mubindi mugihe bikabuza ibigize DC bishobora kubangamira imikorere yicyiciro gikurikira. Mu gutemagura, ubushobozi bushyirwa kumurongo wamashanyarazi kugirango bashungurure urusaku kandi bakubunde kugira ingaruka kubice byoroshye.
3. Kuringaniza: Muri sisitemu ya radiyo na Itumanaho, ubushobozi bukoreshwa muguhuza na Indumiction kugirango ikore imizunguruko ihumeka ishobora kurongorwa kumiterere yihariye. Ubu bushobozi bwo gukemura ni ngombwa muguhitamo ibimenyetso byifuzwa biva mubimenyetso byagutse, nko kubakira kuri radio, aho ubushobozi bufasha kwigunga no kongera ibimenyetso byinyungu.
4. Igihe na oscillator yumuriro: Caeturs, hamwe nabavunyi, bakoreshwa mugukora imiyoboro yigihe, nkibiboneka mumasaha, igihe, hamwe na pulse generator. Kwishyuza no kurangiza ubushobozi binyuze mu kurwanya igihe cyagenwe cyo gutinda, bishobora gukoreshwa mu gutanga ibimenyetso bya buri gihe cyangwa ngo birushe ibintu byihariye.OSCillator yumuriro, utanga umwanda uhoraho, wishingikirize kubushobozi. Muri uyu muzunguruko, kwishyuza no gusohora inzinguzingo kurema amagambo akenewe mu gutanga ibimenyetso bikoreshwa muri byose kuva kuri radiyo kuri synthesizers.
5. Kubika ingufu: Abahembaga, bazwi kandi nka ultracapaciters, bahagarariye iterambere rikomeye mubuhanga bwo kubika ingufu. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kubika imbaraga nyinshi no kurekura vuba, bigatuma bahora basaba gutanga ingufu byihuse, nko muburyo bwo gufatanya imikorere bukabuma. Bitandukanye na bateri gakondo, supercaacitors turemereye, irashobora kwihanganira ukwezi kwinshi, kandi yishyuza byihuse.Abaharanira inyungu na bo barashakishwa kugira ngo bakoreshwe muri sisitemu y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, aho bashobora kubika ingufu zakozwe na Slar Shone cyangwa Turbine z'umuyaga no kurekura igihe bibaye ngombwa, gufasha guca ingufu.
6. Ubushobozi bwa electrolytic: Umukozi wa electrolytic nubwoko bwa capator bukoresha electrolyte kugirango tugere kubushobozi bwo hejuru kuruta ubundi bwoko. Bakunze gukoreshwa mubisabwa aho ubushobozi bunini busabwa mubunini buto, nko mumashanyarazi afungura amashanyarazi na amplifiers. Ariko, bafite ubuzima buke ugereranije nundi bushobozi, nkuko amashanyarazi ashobora gukama mugihe, biganisha ku gutakaza ubushobozi no gutsindwa.

Ibihe by'ejo hazaza hamwe no guhanga udushya muri Ikoranabuhanga

Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje guhinduka, niko no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga. Abashakashatsi barimo gushakisha ibikoresho bishya n'ibishushanyo byo kunoza imikorere cacumite, bituma bakora neza, iramba, kandi ishobora kubika imbaraga nyinshi.

1. Nanotechnology: Iterambere muri Nanotechnology riganisha ku iterambere ryabahawe ubushobozi bworoshye. Ukoresheje Nanomoneals, nka GrafeNE na Carbone Nanotubes, abashakashatsi barashobora kurema Cacute hamwe nubushobozi bwingufu nyinshi hamwe nuburakari bwihuse. Udushya dushobora kuganisha kuri bito, imbaraga zikomeye zingirakamaro kugirango zikoreshwe muri electronics ya elegitasiyo nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
2. Ubushobozi bwa leta: Canger-leta-ya leta, ikoreshwa rya electrolyte aho kuba amazi, bagenda barushaho kuba rusange mubikorwa byinshi. Ubushobozi butanga kwizerwa, birebire hejuru, hamwe nibikorwa byiza ku bushyuhe bwinshi ugereranije nubushobozi gakondo bya electrolttic.
3. Amashanyarazi meza kandi yaka: Nki ikoranabuhanga mu mashanyarazi hamwe na electronique ihindagurika bigenda byinshi, hari icyifuzo gikenewe cyo kwiyongera gishobora kunama no kurambura utatakaje imikorere. Abashakashatsi batezimbere ubushobozi bworoshye bwo gukoresha ibikoresho nka polymer itwara hamwe na firime zirambuye, bigafasha porogaramu nshya mu buvuzi, fitness, hamwe n'amashanyarazi.
4. Gusarura Ingufu: Cacurion nazo zigira uruhare mu ikoranabukuru yo gusarura ingufu, aho zikoreshwa mu kubika ingufu zafashwe mu nkomoko y'ibidukikije, nk'izuba, kunyeganyega, cyangwa ubushyuhe. Sisitemu irashobora gutanga imbaraga kubikoresho bito cyangwa sensor mubibanza bya kure, bigabanya ibikenewe bya bateri gakondo.
5. Gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi: Hano hari ubushakashatsi bukomeje mubushobozi bushobora gukorera hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, aricyo cyingenzi kubisabwa muri Aerospace, imodoka, igenamiterere. Ubushobozi bukoresha ibikoresho byateye imbere bishobora kwihanganira ibihe bikabije, kwemeza imikorere yizewe mubidukikije bikaze.

Umwanzuro

Ubushobozi ni ibintu byingenzi bigize ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho, gukina inshingano zikomeye mububiko bwingufu, gutunganya ibimenyetso, gucunga amashanyarazi, no kuzunguruka igihe. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubika no kurekura imbaraga zituma bikwiranye bidasanzwe kubisabwa, uhereye kubikoresho byoroha kugirango bashobore gukora ibikorwa bya sisitemu yo gutumanaho bigoye. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, iterambere ryumuntu wahabaye hamwe nibikoresho byahaye agaciro kugirango byange ubushobozi bwabo kurushaho, gutwara udushya mubice nkingufu zishobora kuvugurura, no kubara cyane. Gusobanukirwa uburyo ubushobozi bukora, kandi bushimira bitandukanye n'ingaruka zabo, bitanga urufatiro rwo gutekerezwa mu murima wa electronics.